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Carbon dioxide (chemical formula: CO2) or carbonic acid substance is a chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalently bonded to a carbon atom. He is a gas at standard temperature and pressure and exists in Earth's atmosphere. The average concentration of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere roughly 387 parts per million by volume [1] although this amount can vary depending on location and time. Carbon dioxide is an important greenhouse gas because it strongly absorbs infrared waves.

Carbon dioxide is produced by all animals, plants, fungi, and microorganisms in the process of respiration and is used by plants in the process of photosynthesis. Therefore, the carbon dioxide is an important component in the carbon cycle. Carbon dioxide is also produced from the byproduct of fossil fuel combustion. Inorganic carbon dioxide expelled from volcanoes and other geothermal processes such as hot springs.

Carbon dioxide has no liquid form at pressures below 5.1 atm, but immediately becomes solid at temperatures below -78 ° C. In solid form, carbon dioxide is commonly called dry ice.